Intraocular Pressure – The Simple Guide to Healthy Eyes

Ever heard the term “intraocular pressure” (IOP) and wondered if it’s something you need to worry about? It’s basically the fluid pressure inside your eye. When that pressure stays within a normal range, your vision stays clear. When it spikes, you risk damage to the optic nerve – the main cause of glaucoma.

What’s a Normal IOP?

Most eye doctors say a healthy IOP falls between 10 and 21 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury). Anything higher than 21 isn’t automatically bad, but it raises a red flag. Low pressure (under 10) can also signal problems like eye injury or inflammation.

Because everyone’s eyes are different, your doctor will compare your reading to your own past numbers, not just a universal cut‑off.

How Do You Measure IOP?

The standard test is called tonometry. There are three common types:

• Goldmann applanation tonometer: A tiny probe gently flattens part of your cornea. It’s the gold‑standard and is done during a routine eye exam.
• Non‑contact “air‑puff” tonometer: A puff of air briefly flattens the cornea. It feels like a quick breeze and doesn’t need anesthesia.
• Hand‑held devices (iCare, TonoPen): Portable, quick, and handy for kids or people who can’t sit still.

All these tools give a number in mm Hg. Your eye doctor will record it, track trends, and decide if treatment is needed.

Want to keep your IOP in check? Here are a few everyday habits that help:

• Stay active: Regular exercise improves blood flow to the eyes and can lower pressure.
• Eat eye‑friendly foods: Dark leafy greens, fish rich in omega‑3s, and oranges (for vitamin C) support overall eye health.
• Limit caffeine: Too much caffeine may cause a temporary rise in IOP.
• Protect your eyes: Wear sunglasses with UV protection and safety goggles when needed.
• Follow medication plans: If you’ve been prescribed eye drops, use them exactly as directed. Skipping doses can let pressure creep up.

If you have a family history of glaucoma, schedule regular eye exams even if you feel fine. Early detection is the most effective way to prevent permanent vision loss.

Bottom line: Intraocular pressure is a key sign of eye health. Knowing your numbers, watching for changes, and living a healthy lifestyle give you the best shot at keeping your sight sharp for years to come.