Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: What You Need to Know

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), sometimes called early menopause, happens when your ovaries stop working well before the age of 40. This means your body produces less estrogen and stops releasing eggs regularly. It can affect fertility and cause symptoms like irregular periods, hot flashes, mood swings, and tiredness.

So, why does POI happen? Causes vary—sometimes it’s due to genetic factors, autoimmune disorders, or medical treatments like chemotherapy. In many cases, though, doctors don’t find a clear reason. Understanding the cause can help tailor the treatment and inform your next steps.

Recognizing Symptoms Early Helps

Noticing irregular or missed periods is often the first sign. You might also feel symptoms similar to menopause, such as night sweats or vaginal dryness. Some women face emotional ups and downs or trouble with concentration. If you’re experiencing these signs and are under 40, it’s smart to check with your doctor. Early diagnosis can open doors to treatments that ease symptoms and help with fertility.

Managing POI: What You Can Do

There’s no one-size-fits-all fix for POI, but hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly used to manage symptoms and prevent bone loss. Your doctor might suggest fertility options like in vitro fertilization or egg donation if you want to conceive. Lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management also make a big difference. Staying informed and working with your healthcare provider ensures you get the support you need.

Living with premature ovarian insufficiency can feel overwhelming, but knowing what’s going on and the options available puts you in control. Reach out for help, ask questions, and explore treatments that fit your lifestyle. You’re not alone in this journey.